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                                      padding-top: 0px;" align="center"><strong>10
                                        argumentos para la ciencia
                                        básica</strong></td>
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                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;">Serge Haroche, Premio
                                        Nobel de Física por sus trabajos
                                        sobre la manipulación de
                                        sistemas cuánticos individuales,
                                        brindó una conferencia en el
                                        Departamento de Física de la
                                        Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y
                                        Naturales de la UBA. El título
                                        de la presentación <i>Cómo la
                                          investigación sobre el azul
                                          del cielo y la tecnología se
                                          nutren mutuamente</i> es el
                                        disparador de una idea que
                                        Haroche defiende con ahínco:
                                        “para hacer ciencia se necesita
                                        tiempo y confianza”.</p>
                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;">El investigador
                                        francés reconstruyó una
                                        genealogía de la tecnología
                                        moderna;  describió una serie de
                                        momentos claves en la historia
                                        que permitieron las tecnologías
                                        de hoy. Su paso por el país se
                                        dio en el marco de su rol como
                                        jurado en los premios a la
                                        investigación científica que
                                        otorga la Fundación Bunge &
                                        Born cada año.</p>
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                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;"><strong>  1. El
                                          equilibrio</strong></p>
                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;">“¿Por qué hacer
                                        investigación científica? Bueno,
                                        hay dos tipos de respuestas. La
                                        primera, para tratar de entender
                                        mejor el mundo que nos rodea, no
                                        sólo el mundo natural sino
                                        también los sistemas vivientes.
                                        Esto se llama investigación del
                                        azul del cielo, es decir,
                                        investigación que no está
                                        relacionada directamente a
                                        ningún tipo de utilidad
                                        práctica, a ningún tipo de
                                        ganancia. Y, como segunda
                                        respuesta, para poder realizar
                                        tareas útiles y satisfacer
                                        algunas necesidades sociales
                                        como reducir el cambio climático
                                        o desarrollar energías
                                        alternativas. Hablo de las
                                        combinaciones que existen entre
                                        la ciencia básica, aquella
                                        motivada por la mera curiosidad
                                        y la investigación aplicada que
                                        tiene por objetivo producir
                                        objetos, dispositivos que sean
                                        comercializables e importantes
                                        para el desarrollo económico de
                                        las sociedades”.</p>
                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;"><strong>  2. Contra la
                                          miopía</strong></p>
                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;">“ En este momento
                                        donde en muchas partes del mundo
                                        estamos viviendo crisis
                                        económicas, los políticos tienen
                                        una tendencia muy marcada a
                                        favorecer la utilidad a corto
                                        plazo; a considerar que la
                                        investigación científica debe
                                        ser redituable, que debe dar una
                                        ganancia inmediata. En este
                                        sentido, muchos políticos dicen
                                        que la curiosidad a largo plazo
                                        es una especie de lujo que debe
                                        dejarse para cuando haya vacas
                                        gordas; dicen que la ciencia
                                        básica hay que hacerla en
                                        Estados Unidos, mientras
                                        nosotros, oportunamente, podemos
                                        utilizar las patentes y
                                        desarrollar alguna aplicación.
                                        Busco dar argumentos sólidos
                                        frente a administradores de no
                                        valoran o conocen el valor de la
                                        ciencia básica”.</p>
                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;"><strong>  3. La
                                          historia</strong></p>
                                      <p style="text-align: justify;"
                                        data-mce-style="text-align:
                                        justify;">“La historia de la
                                        ciencia muestra que no se puede
                                        separar la investigación del
                                        azul del cielo de la de otro
                                        tipo de tecnología. Son las dos
                                        caras de la misma moneda, si se
                                        hace una y no la otra se pierde
                                        el equilibrio, se entra en
                                        terrenos difíciles. Por ejemplo,
                                        entre los siglos XVI y XVII se
                                        trató de medir la velocidad de
                                        la luz, uno de los científicos
                                        que intentó hacerlo fue Galileo
                                        Galilei con un experimento un
                                        poco inocente; después hubo
                                        estimaciones astronómicas; pero
                                        las primeras mediciones precisas
                                        fueron realizadas a mediados del
                                        siglo XIX por Fizeau y Foucault.
                                        Ellos, utilizaron ruedas
                                        rotatorias e hicieron
                                        experimentos que fueron posibles
                                        porque contaban con objetos
                                        mecánicos. Este es un ejemplo de
                                        cómo la ciencia básica tiene que
                                        ser desarrollada cuando uno
                                        tiene la tecnología necesaria
                                        para poder hacer las mediciones.
                                        Por otro lado, hacia fines del
                                        siglo XVII los científicos
                                        estaban tratando de responder
                                        preguntas con respecto a la
                                        naturaleza de la luz y de la
                                        materia. No tenían absolutamente
                                        ninguna idea acerca de las
                                        aplicaciones que podrían surgir.
                                        La luz, ¿está compuesta por
                                        partículas como pensaba Newton?,
                                        o ¿la luz es una onda que se
                                        propaga a través del espacio
                                        como sostenía Huygens?. Los dos
                                        eran físicos y vivieron hasta
                                        principios del siglo XVIII. Esta
                                        pregunta fue resuelta mucho
                                        tiempo después”.</p>
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